第一章 保养与维护基础
001
项目一 汽车保养与维护注意事项及常见
误区......................................................001
一、保养与维护注意事项.............................001
二、保养与维护常见误区.............................002
项目二 汽车保养与维护的耗材..................004
一、燃油........................................................004
二、发动机润滑油........................................006
三、润滑脂.....................................................009
四、齿轮油.....................................................010
五、液力传动油.............................................012
六、液压油.....................................................012
七、制动液.....................................................013
八、防冻冷却液.............................................014
九、制冷剂.....................................................016
十、汽车轮胎.................................................017
项目三 汽车维护常用工量具.......................021
一、汽车保养维修常用工具及使用方法.....021
二、汽车保养维修常用量具及使用方法.....025
第二章 车身的保养与维护
031
项目一 汽车清洗.............................................031
一、概述.........................................................031
二、故障分析.................................................031
三、技术要求与标准.....................................031
四、实训教学目标.........................................031
五、实训器材.................................................031
六、实训操作安排.........................................031
七、实训操作注意事项.................................032
八、实训操作步骤.........................................032
九、思考与练习.............................................034
十、实训考评.................................................035
项目一 内室清洁.............................................036
一、概述.........................................................036
二、故障分析.................................................036
三、技术要求与标准.....................................036
四、实训教学目标.........................................036
五、实训器材.................................................037
六、实训操作安排.........................................037
七、实训操作注意事项.................................037
八、实训操作步骤.........................................037
九、思考与练习.............................................038
十、实训考评.................................................039
项目三 漆面打蜡.............................................040
一、概述.........................................................040
二、故障分析.................................................040
三、技术要求与标准.....................................040
四、实训教学目标.........................................040
五、实训器材.................................................040
六、实训操作安排.........................................041
七、实训操作注意事项.................................041
八、实训操作步骤.........................................041
九、思考与练习.............................................041
十、实训考评.................................................041
项目四 防爆膜的张贴....................................042
一、概述.........................................................042
二、作用.........................................................043
三、技术要求与标准.....................................043
VI
汽车维修实训教程—整车实训四、实训教学目标.........................................043
五、实训器材.................................................043
六、实训操作安排.........................................043
七、实训操作注意事项.................................044
八、实训操作步骤.........................................045
九、思考与练习.............................................045
十、实训考评.................................................046
项目五 底盘装甲.............................................047
一、概述.........................................................047
二、故障分析.................................................047
三、技术要求与标准.....................................047
四、实训教学目标.........................................047
五、实训器材.................................................047
六、实训操作安排.........................................047
七、实训操作注意事项.................................047
八、实训操作步骤.........................................048
九、思考与练习.............................................048
十、实训考评.................................................049
项目六 玻璃清洗液的检查与加注..............050
一、概述.........................................................050
二、故障分析.................................................050
三、技术要求与标准.....................................050
四、实训教学目标.........................................050
五、实训器材.................................................050
六、实训操作安排.........................................051
七、实训操作注意事项.................................051
八、实训操作步骤.........................................051
九、思考与练习.............................................052
十、实训考评.................................................052
第三章 发动机的保养与维护
053
项目一 润滑系统保养与维护实训..............053
任务一 机油油量的检查与添加.........................053
一、概述.........................................................053
二、故障分析.................................................054
三、技术要求与标准.....................................054
四、实训教学目标.........................................054
五、实训器材.................................................054
六、实训操作安排.........................................054
七、实训操作注意事项.................................054
八、实训操作步骤.........................................055
九、思考与练习.............................................057
十、实训考评.................................................058
任务二 机油与机油滤清器的检查与更换..........058
一、概述.........................................................058
二、故障分析.................................................059
三、技术要求与标准.....................................059
四、实训教学目标.........................................059
五、实训器材.................................................059
六、实训操作安排.........................................059
七、实训操作注意事项.................................059
八、实训操作步骤.........................................060
九、思考与练习.............................................063
十、实训考评.................................................063
任务三 发动机润滑系统的清洁护理..................064
一、概述.........................................................064
二、故障分析.................................................064
三、技术要求与标准.....................................064
四、实训教学目标.........................................065
五、实训器材.................................................065
六、实训操作安排.........................................065
七、实训操作注意事项.................................065
八、实训操作步骤.........................................065
九、思考与练习.............................................068
十、实训考评.................................................069
项目二 发动机冷却系统保养与维护实训
..............................................................070
任务一 防冻液的选择和添加.............................070
一、概述.........................................................070
二、故障分析.................................................071
三、技术要求与标准.....................................071
四、实训教学目标.........................................071
五、实训器材.................................................071
六、实训操作安排.........................................071
七、实训操作注意事项.................................072
八、实训操作步骤.........................................072
九、思考与练习.............................................074
十、实训考评.................................................074
VII
目 录
任务二 冷却液的检查与更换.............................074
一、概述.........................................................074
二、故障分析.................................................075
三、技术要求与标准.....................................075
四、实训教学目标.........................................075
五、实训器材.................................................075
六、实训操作安排.........................................075
七、实训操作注意事项.................................075
八、实训操作步骤.........................................076
九、思考与练习.............................................078
十、实训考评.................................................079
任务三 冷却系统的清洗......................................079
一、概述.........................................................079
二、故障分析.................................................080
三、技术要求与标准.....................................080
四、实训教学目标.........................................080
五、实训器材.................................................080
六、实训操作安排.........................................080
七、实训操作注意事项.................................081
八、实训操作步骤.........................................082
九、思考与练习.............................................085
十、实训考评.................................................085
任务四 冷却系统密封性的检测.........................085
一、概述.........................................................085
二、故障分析.................................................086
三、技术要求与标准.....................................086
四、实训教学目标.........................................086
五、实训器材.................................................086
六、实训操作安排.........................................086
七、实训操作注意事项.................................086
八、实训操作步骤.........................................087
九、思考与练习.............................................089
十、实训考评.................................................089
项目三 进排气系统保养与维护实训.........090
任务一 空气滤清器的检查与更换.....................090
一、概述.........................................................090
二、故障分析.................................................090
三、技术要求与标准.....................................090
四、实训教学目标.........................................090
五、实训器材.................................................090
六、实训操作安排.........................................091
七、实训操作注意事项.................................091
八、实训操作步骤.........................................091
九、思考与练习.............................................093
十、实训考评.................................................093
任务二 节气门的清洗与拆装.............................094
一、概述.........................................................094
二、故障分析.................................................094
三、技术要求与标准.....................................094
四、实训教学目标.........................................094
五、实训器材.................................................094
六、实训操作安排.........................................094
七、实训操作注意事项.................................095
八、实训操作步骤.........................................095
九、思考与练习.............................................097
十、实训考评.................................................097
任务三 曲轴箱通风装置的保养与维护..............097
一、概述.........................................................097
二、故障分析.................................................098
三、技术要求与标准.....................................098
四、实训教学目标.........................................098
五、实训器材.................................................098
六、实训操作安排.........................................098
七、实训操作注意事项.................................098
八、实训操作步骤.........................................099
九、思考与练习.............................................099
十、实训考评.................................................099
任务四 排气系统的保养与维护.........................100
一、概述.........................................................100
二、故障分析.................................................101
三、技术要求与标准.....................................101
四、实训教学目标.........................................101
五、实训器材.................................................101
六、实训操作安排.........................................101
七、实训操作注意事项.................................101
八、实训操作步骤.........................................101
九、思考与练习.............................................104
十、实训考评.................................................104
项目四 点火系统保养与维护实训................105
任务一 火花塞的检查与更换...............................105
一、概述.........................................................105
VIII
汽车维修实训教程—整车实训二、故障分析.................................................105
三、技术要求与标准.....................................105
四、实训教学目标.........................................105
五、实训器材.................................................106
六、实训操作安排.........................................106
七、实训操作注意事项.................................106
八、实训操作步骤.........................................106
九、思考与练习.............................................109
十、实训考评.................................................109
任务二 正时皮带的检查与调整.........................110
一、概述.........................................................110
二、故障分析.................................................110
三、技术要求与标准.....................................110
四、实训教学目标.........................................110
五、实训器材.................................................110
六、实训操作安排.........................................110
七、实训操作注意事项.................................110
八、实训操作步骤......................................... 111
九、思考与练习.............................................113
十、实训考评.................................................114
项目五 燃油喷射系统保养与维护实训.....115
任务一 汽车燃料的选择与添加.........................115
一、概述.........................................................115
二、故障分析.................................................115
三、技术要求与标准.....................................115
四、实训教学目标.........................................116
五、实训器材.................................................116
六、实训操作安排.........................................116
七、实训操作注意事项.................................116
八、实训操作步骤.........................................117
九、思考与练习.............................................119
十、实训考评.................................................119
任务二 燃油滤芯的更换.....................................119
一、概述.........................................................119
二、故障分析.................................................120
三、技术要求与标准.....................................120
四、实训教学目标.........................................120
五、实训器材.................................................120
六、实训操作安排.........................................120
七、实训操作注意事项.................................120
八、实训操作步骤.........................................120
九、思考与练习.............................................122
十、实训考评.................................................122
任务三 燃油系统的清洁护理.............................123
一、概述.........................................................123
二、故障分析.................................................123
三、技术要求与标准.....................................123
四、实训教学目标.........................................124
五、实训器材.................................................124
六、实训操作安排.........................................124
七、实训操作注意事项.................................124
八、实训操作步骤.........................................124
九、思考与练习.............................................126
十、实训考评.................................................126
任务四 喷油器的拆卸与清洗.............................127
一、概述.........................................................127
二、故障分析.................................................127
三、技术要求与标准.....................................127
四、实训教学目标.........................................127
五、实训器材.................................................127
六、实训操作安排.........................................128
七、实训操作注意事项.................................128
八、实训操作步骤.........................................128
九、思考与练习.............................................130
十、实训考评.................................................130
任务五 燃油压力的检查与测试.........................130
一、概述.........................................................130
二、故障分析.................................................130
三、技术要求与标准.....................................130
四、实训教学目标.........................................131
五、实训器材.................................................131
六、实训操作安排.........................................131
七、实训操作注意事项.................................131
八、实训操作步骤.........................................131
九、思考与练习.............................................133
十、实训考评.................................................133
项目六 汽油-液化石油气双燃料汽车供给
系统保养与维护实训.........................................134
一、概述.........................................................134
二、LPG供给系统的维护分类及维护周期.135
IX
目 录
三、实训教学目标.........................................135
四、实训器材.................................................135
五、实训操作安排.........................................135
六、实训操作注意事项.................................135
七、实训操作步骤.........................................136
八、思考与练习.............................................138
九、实训考评.................................................138
第四章 底盘保养与维护
139
项目一 转向系统保养与维护实训..............139
任务一 动力转向机的检查与更换.....................139
一、概述.........................................................139
二、故障分析.................................................139
三、技术要求与标准.....................................140
四、实训教学目标.........................................140
五、实训器材.................................................140
六、实训操作安排.........................................140
七、实训操作注意事项.................................140
八、实训操作步骤.........................................140
九、思考与练习.............................................142
十、实训考评.................................................142
任务二 转向机的拆卸、更换与调整..................143
一、概述.........................................................143
二、故障分析.................................................143
三、技术要求与标准.....................................143
四、实训教学目标.........................................143
五、实训器材.................................................144
六、实训操作安排.........................................144
七、实训操作注意事项.................................144
八、实训操作步骤.........................................144
九、思考与练习.............................................146
十、实训考评.................................................146
任务三 助力泵的检查与调整.............................147
一、概述.........................................................147
二、故障分析.................................................147
三、技术要求与标准.....................................147
四、实训教学目标.........................................147
五、实训器材.................................................148
六、实训操作安排.........................................148
七、实训操作注意事项.................................148
八、实训操作步骤.........................................148
九、思考与练习.............................................149
十、实训考评.................................................149
项目二 传动系统保养与维护实训..............150
任务一 手动变速器油的检查与更换..................150
一、概述.........................................................150
二、故障分析.................................................150
三、技术要求与标准.....................................150
四、实训教学目标.........................................150
五、实训器材.................................................150
六、实训操作安排.........................................151
七、实训操作注意事项.................................151
八、实训操作步骤.........................................151
九、思考与练习.............................................153
十、实训考评.................................................153
任务二 自动变速器油的检查与更换..................154
一、概述.........................................................154
二、故障分析.................................................154
三、技术要求与标准.....................................154
四、实训教学目标.........................................155
五、实训器材.................................................155
六、实训操作安排.........................................155
七、实训操作注意事项.................................155
八、实训操作步骤.........................................155
九、思考与练习.............................................157
十、实训考评.................................................157
任务三 离合器总泵与分泵的检查与维修..........158
一、概述.........................................................158
二、故障分析.................................................159
三、技术要求与标准.....................................159
四、实训教学目标.........................................159
五、实训器材.................................................159
六、实训操作安排.........................................159
七、实训操作注意事项.................................159
八、实训操作步骤.........................................160
九、思考与练习.............................................161
十、实训考评.................................................161
任务四 汽车离合器的检查与调整.....................162
一、概述.........................................................162
X
汽车维修实训教程—整车实训二、故障分析.................................................162
三、技术要求与标准.....................................162
四、实训教学目标.........................................163
五、实训器材.................................................163
六、实训操作安排.........................................163
七、实训操作步骤.........................................163
八、思考与练习.............................................164
九、实训考评.................................................164
任务五 离合器压盘和从动盘的更换与调整......164
一、概述.........................................................164
二、故障分析.................................................165
三、技术要求与标准....................................165
四、实训教学目标.........................................165
五、实训器材.................................................165
六、实训操作安排.........................................165
七、实训操作注意事项.................................165
八、实训操作步骤.........................................166
九、思考与练习.............................................167
十、实训考评.................................................167
项目三 制动系统保养与维护实训..............168
任务一 制动液的检查与加注.............................168
一、概述.........................................................168
二、故障分析.................................................168
三、技术要求与标准.....................................168
四、实训教学目标.........................................169
五、实训器材.................................................169
六、实训操作安排.........................................169
七、实训操作注意事项.................................169
八、实训操作步骤.........................................169
九、思考与练习.............................................171
十、实训考评.................................................171
任务二 制动踏板自由行程的检查.....................171
一、概述.........................................................171
二、故障分析.................................................172
三、技术要求与标准.....................................172
四、实训教学目标.........................................172
五、实训器材.................................................172
六、实训操作安排.........................................172
七、实训操作注意事项.................................172
八、实训操作步骤.........................................172
九、思考与练习.............................................174
十、实训考评.................................................174
任务三 驻车制动器的检查与调整.....................174
一、概述.........................................................174
二、故障分析.................................................174
三、技术要求与标准.....................................175
四、实训教学目标.........................................175
五、实训器材.................................................175
六、实训操作安排.........................................175
七、实训操作注意事项.................................175
八、实训操作步骤.........................................175
九、思考与练习.............................................177
十、实训考评.................................................177
任务四 盘式制动器制动片的检查与更换..........177
一、概述.........................................................177
二、故障分析.................................................177
三、技术要求与标准.....................................177
四、实训教学目标.........................................178
五、实训器材.................................................178
六、实训操作安排.........................................178
七、实训操作注意事项.................................178
八、实训操作步骤.........................................178
九、思考与练习.............................................180
十、实训考评.................................................180
任务五 盘式制动器制动盘的检查与更换..........180
一、概述.........................................................180
二、故障分析.................................................181
三、技术要求与标准.....................................181
四、实训教学目标.........................................181
五、实训器材.................................................181
六、实训操作安排.........................................181
七、实训操作注意事项.................................182
八、实训操作步骤.........................................182
九、思考与练习.............................................184
十、实训考评.................................................184
任务六 鼓式制动器的拆卸、检查与维修..........184
一、概述.........................................................184
二、故障分析.................................................184
三、技术要求与标准.....................................185
四、实训教学目标.........................................185
XI
目 录
五、实训器材.................................................185
六、实训操作安排.........................................185
七、实训操作注意事项.................................185
八、实训操作步骤.........................................186
九、思考与练习.............................................188
十、实训考评.................................................188
任务七 真空助力器的检查与维修.....................188
一、概述.........................................................188
二、故障分析.................................................189
三、技术要求与标准.....................................189
四、实训教学目标.........................................189
五、实训器材.................................................189
六、实训操作安排.........................................189
七、实训操作注意事项.................................190
八、实训操作步骤.........................................190
九、思考与练习.............................................192
十、实训考评.................................................192
任务八 制动总泵的检查与维修.........................192
一、概述.........................................................192
二、故障分析.................................................193
三、技术要求与标准.....................................193
四、实训教学目标.........................................193
五、实训器材.................................................193
六、实训操作安排.........................................193
七、实训操作注意事项.................................193
八、实训操作步骤.........................................194
九、思考与练习.............................................196
十、实训考评.................................................196
项目四 行驶系统保养与维护实训..............197
任务一 轮胎的检查与调换.................................197
一、概述.........................................................197
二、故障分析.................................................197
三、技术要求与标准.....................................197
四、实训教学目标.........................................197
五、实训器材.................................................198
六、实训操作安排.........................................198
七、实训操作注意事项.................................198
八、实训操作步骤.........................................198
九、思考与练习.............................................200
十、实训考评.................................................200
任务二 减振器的检查与更换.............................201
一、概述.........................................................201
二、故障分析.................................................201
三、技术要求与标准.....................................202
四、实训教学目标.........................................202
五、实训器材.................................................202
六、实训操作安排.........................................202
七、实训操作注意事项.................................202
八、实训操作步骤.........................................203
九、思考与练习.............................................206
十、实训考评.................................................207
任务三 轮胎螺栓的更换.....................................207
一、概述.........................................................207
二、故障分析.................................................207
三、技术要求与标准.....................................207
四、实训教学目标.........................................207
五、实训器材.................................................207
六、实训操作安排.........................................208
七、实训操作注意事项.................................208
八、实训操作步骤.........................................208
九、思考与练习.............................................209
十、实训考评.................................................209
任务四 轮胎与车轮的修理.................................210
一、概述.........................................................210
二、故障分析.................................................211
三、技术要求与标准.....................................211
四、实训教学目标.........................................211
五、实训器材.................................................211
六、实训操作安排.........................................211
七、实训操作注意事项.................................211
八、实训操作步骤.........................................212
九、思考与练习.............................................213
十、实训考评.................................................214
任务五 车轮动平衡检验.....................................214
一、概述.........................................................214
二、故障分析.................................................214
三、技术要求与标准.....................................215
四、实训教学目标.........................................215
五、实训器材.................................................215
六、实训操作安排.........................................215
汽车维修实训教程—整车实训
XII
七、实训操作注意事项.................................215
八、实训操作步骤.........................................216
九、思考与练习.............................................216
十、实训考评.................................................216
任务六 四轮定位仪的使用.................................217
一、概述.........................................................217
二、故障分析.................................................218
三、技术要求与标准.....................................218
四、实训教学目标.........................................218
五、实训器材.................................................218
六、实训操作安排.........................................218
七、实训操作注意事项.................................219
八、实训操作步骤.........................................219
九、思考与练习.............................................222
十、实训考评.................................................222
第五章 电器设备、空调的保养与维护
223
项目一 发电机、空调压缩机与助力泵传动带
的检查与更换......................................................223
一、概述.........................................................223
二、故障分析.................................................223
三、技术要求与标准.....................................223
四、实训教学目标.........................................223
五、实训器材.................................................223
六、实训操作安排.........................................224
七、实训操作注意事项.................................224
八、实训操作步骤.........................................224
九、思考与练习.............................................226
十、实训考评.................................................226
项目二 蓄电池的定期维护与检查..............227
一、概述.........................................................227
二、故障分析.................................................227
三、技术要求与标准.....................................227
四、实训教学目标.........................................228
五、实训器材.................................................228
六、实训操作安排.........................................228
七、实训操作注意事项.................................228
八、实训操作步骤.........................................229
九、思考与练习.............................................232
十、实训考评.................................................232
项目三 汽车雨刮器片的检查与更换.........233
一、概述.........................................................233
二、故障分析.................................................233
三、技术要求与标准.....................................233
四、实训教学目标.........................................233
五、实训器材.................................................234
六、实训操作安排.........................................234
七、实训操作注意事项.................................234
八、实训操作步骤.........................................234
九、思考与练习.............................................235
十、实训考评.................................................235
项目四 汽车空调系统的保养与维护.........236
一、概述.........................................................236
二、汽车空调的日常维护.............................237
三、实训教学目标.........................................237
四、实训器材.................................................237
五、实训操作安排.........................................237
六、实训操作注意事项.................................238
七、实训操作步骤.........................................238
八、思考与练习.............................................252
九、实训考评.................................................253
第六章 保养与维护综合项目工艺规范
254
一、新车车体保养与维护.............................254
二、走合期的保养与维护.............................254
三、长期停放车辆的保养与维护.................256
四、日常保养与维护.....................................257
五、一级保养与维护.....................................260
六、二级保养与维护.....................................262