图书简介:
目录
模块一 建筑工程测量 ·····················································································1
项目1 高程测量技术···································································································3
1.1 水准测量原理 ········································································································4
1.2 高程测量方法 ········································································································6
1.2.1 高差法 ········································································································6
1.2.2 仪高法 ········································································································6
1.3 水准测量仪器 ········································································································6
1.3.1 水准仪 ········································································································6
1.3.2 水准尺和尺垫 ·······························································································8
1.4 水准测量实操 ·····································································································.10
1.4.1 仪器操作与读数 ·························································································.10
1.4.2 实训任务 ··································································································.12
1.5 二等水准测量 ·····································································································.13
1.5.1 水准测量路线 ····························································································.13
1.5.2 测量技术要求 ····························································································.13
1.5.3 制订测量方案 ····························································································.14
1.6 二等水准路线实训任务 ·························································································.15
1.6.1 测量任务 ··································································································.15
1.6.2 实训指导 ··································································································.15
1.6.3 实训成果 ··································································································.16
1.6.4 评价标准与要求 ·························································································.17
思政链接 ··················································································································.18
课后思考与练习 ·········································································································.19
项目2 角度测量技术································································································.21
2.1 水平角测量原理 ··································································································.22
2.2 全站仪测水平角的操作流程 ···················································································.22
2.2.1 测回法 ·····································································································.23
2.2.2 全圆法 ·····································································································.24
2.2.3 水平测角实训任务 ······················································································.25
2.3 全站仪测竖直角的原理 ·························································································.26
2.4 控制测量知识 ·····································································································.27
2.4.1 平面控制测量 ····························································································.27
2.4.2 高程控制测量 ····························································································.28
2.5 一级导线测量 ·····································································································.28
2.5.1 一级导线测量知识 ······················································································.28
2.5.2 导线测量坐标反算 ······················································································.29
2.5.3 导线测量坐标正算 ······················································································.31
2.5.4 导线测量内业计算 ······················································································.32
思政链接 ··················································································································.34
课后思考与练习 ·········································································································.34
模块二 建筑数字测绘技术 ············································································.37
项目3 数字测图基础································································································.39
3.1 数字地图与数字测图 ····························································································.40
3.1.1 数字地图的概念 ·························································································.40
3.1.2 数字地图的优点 ·························································································.41
3.1.3 数字测图的概念 ·························································································.42
3.1.4 数字测图工作特点 ······················································································.42
3.1.5 数字测图技术的发展与展望 ··········································································.44
3.2 数字测图基本原理 ·······························································································.46
3.2.1 数字测图的基本思想 ···················································································.46
3.2.2 数字测图的基本过程 ···················································································.47
3.2.3 数字测图的作业模式 ···················································································.49
3.2.4 数字测图系统 ····························································································.51
3.3 了解GNSS 的应用 ·······························································································.53
3.3.1 GNSS-RTK 测量原理 ···················································································.53
3.3.2 GNSS-RTK 系统组成 ···················································································.54
3.3.3 南方创享测量系统GNSS-RTK 使用 ································································.55
3.3.4 网络RTK 系统 ···························································································.62
思政链接 ··················································································································.66
课后思考与练习 ·········································································································.67
项目4 数字测绘外业数据与内业数据处理································································.69
4.1 数字测绘外业数据 ·······························································································.70
4.1.1 测图前的准备工作 ······················································································.70
4.1.2 大比例尺数字测图技术设计 ··········································································.71
4.2 图根控制测量 ·····································································································.74
4.2.1 图根点布设 ·······························································································.74
4.2.2 全站仪图根控制测量 ···················································································.75
4.2.3 RTK 图根控制测量 ······················································································.76
4.2.4 图根高程控制测量 ······················································································.76
4.2.5 增补测站点 ·······························································································.76
4.3 数字测绘内业数据处理 ·························································································.77
4.3.1 内业成图的基本过程 ···················································································.77
4.3.2 数据传输 ··································································································.78
4.3.3 数据处理 ··································································································.83
4.3.4 等高线的绘制与编辑 ···················································································.85
4.3.5 数字地面模型的建立 ···················································································.85
思政链接 ··················································································································.89
课后思考与练习 ·········································································································.90
模块三 无人机及激光扫描智能测绘 ···························································.91
项目5 无人机智能测绘原理及过程···········································································.93
5.1 无人机航空摄影测量概述 ······················································································.94
5.1.1 无人机航测的优势 ······················································································.96
5.1.2 无人机航测注意事项 ···················································································.96
5.1.3 无人机航测具体用途 ···················································································.97
5.1.4 行业背景及发展 ·························································································.98
5.2 无人机航测系统构成 ····························································································.99
5.2.1 多旋翼无人机硬件系统构成 ··········································································.99
5.2.2 无人机传感系统 ·························································································101
5.2.3 地面站系统 ·······························································································103
5.2.4 航测成果类型 ····························································································103
5.3 无人机航摄作业流程 ····························································································106
5.3.1 踏勘 ········································································································106
5.3.2 像控点布设及测量 ······················································································108
5.3.3 无人机航飞 ······························································································.110
5.3.4 数据整理 ·································································································.110
5.4 南方地理信息数据成图软件SouthMap ·····································································.110
5.4.1 SouthMap 特性 ··························································································.110
5.4.2 SouthMap 工作流程 ····················································································.117
思政链接 ·················································································································.118
课后思考与练习 ········································································································.119
项目6 三维激光扫描技术·························································································121
6.1 激光雷达发展历史及其应用概述 ·············································································122
6.1.1 激光雷达技术的发展 ···················································································123
6.1.2 激光雷达技术的应用 ···················································································123
6.1.3 激光雷达的优点和缺点 ················································································128
6.2 激光扫描成果类型 ·······························································································129
6.2.1 激光点云 ··································································································129
6.2.2 数码影像 ··································································································131
6.2.3 建筑物平、立、剖面图 ················································································132
6.2.4 建筑物三维模型 ·························································································134
6.2.5 数字模型 ··································································································134
6.3 南方测绘激光扫描产品 ·························································································135
6.3.1 SPL-1500 三维激光扫描仪设备组成 ································································135
6.3.2 SPL-1500 三维激光扫描仪作业流程 ································································136
6.4 三维激光扫描数据采集 ·························································································139
思政链接 ··················································································································143
课后思考与练习 ·········································································································144
参考文献 ··································································································.145
展开
前言
2020 年8 月,中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部等13 部门联合发布了《关于推动智能建造与建筑工业化协同发展的指导意见》,我国智能建造落地实施的大幕已经拉开,急需培养大批从事智能建造的专业人才。建筑智能测绘作为智能建造领域的关键支持技术,也在这一大背景下得到了更多的关注,建筑智能测绘的教材建设十分迫切。
本书以建筑智能测绘的应用需求为导向、以建筑智能测绘的专业基础知识和关键技术为主线进行编写。本书以广州南方测绘科技股份有限公司生产实践案例为引领,以温州职业技术学院国家级虚拟仿真基地平台为依托,由温州职业技术学院一线授课教师组成编写团队,在简化传统工程测量理论并加入智能测绘新技术的基础上,将知识点模块化、项目化。本书按照高等职业技术教育培养目标和培养要求,调整建筑工程测量模块理论与实践知识内容比重,详细讲解建筑数字测绘技术,对无人机智能测绘及激光扫描基本原理与生产实践作业过程进行详细讲述,特色鲜明,知识系统完善。
本书分3 个模块,共6 个项目。模块一为建筑工程测量,模块二为建筑数字测绘技术,模块三为无人机及激光扫描智能测绘。项目1 为高程测量技术,主要阐述水准测量原理、高程测量方法、二等水准测量等内容;项目2 为角度测量技术,主要阐述水平角测量原理、全站仪测
水平角的操作流程、一级导线测量等内容;项目3 为数字测图基础,主要阐述数字地图与数字测图、数字测图基本原理等内容;项目4 为数字测绘外业数据与内业数据处理,主要阐述数字测绘外业数据、图根控制测量、数字测绘内业数据处理等内容;项目5 为无人机智能测绘原理及过程,主要阐述无人机航测系统构成、无人机航摄作业流程等内容;项目6 为三维激光扫描技术,主要阐述激光扫描成果类型、南方测绘激光扫描产品等内容。
本书由温州职业技术学院卢声亮、倪定宇、张利担任主编,李建华、游家豪、刘润芳担任副主编,广州南方测绘科技股份有限公司甘霖、魏晨阳参与编写。本书具体编写分工如下:项目1 由卢声亮编写,项目2 由李建华编写,项目3 由游加豪编写,项目4 由甘霖编写,项目5
由倪定宇编写,项目6 由魏晨阳编写,全书统稿工作由卢声亮、倪定宇负责。本书在编写过程中,参考了大量国内外教材、专著、论文和研究报告,广联达科技股份有限公司提供了部分案例,温州职业技术学院丁斌教授、刘跃伟高级工程师参与了教材目录的讨论,在此对相关资料的作者及给予帮助的同仁一并表示感谢。
由于编者的水平和时间有限,书中不当之处在所难免,敬请广大读者批评指正。
编 者
展开