第1 章 万用表的使用·····································································.1
1.1 指针式万用表······································································.1
1.1.1 指针式万用表的结构······················································.1
1.1.2 指针式万用表的使用前准备和注意事项·······························.3
1.1.3 指针式万用表电阻挡的使用方法········································.3
1.1.4 指针式万用表电压挡的使用方法········································.5
1.1.5 指针式万用表电流挡的使用方法········································.7
1.2 数字万用表·········································································.8
1.2.1 数字万用表的结构和工作原理···········································.8
1.2.2 DT-9205A 数字万用表的使用方法······································.9
1.2.3 DT-9205A 数字万用表的使用注意事项································.11
1.3 技能训练—万用表的使用····················································.11
实训1 指针式万用表的使用···················································.11
实训2 数字万用表的使用······················································.13
第2 章 电阻器的识别与检测····························································.15
2.1 电阻器的感性认识·······························································.15
2.1.1 常见电阻器的外形························································.15
2.1.2 印制电路板上的电阻器··················································.16
2.2 电阻器的分类、型号命名方法及主要参数··································.16
2.2.1 电阻器的分类······························································.16
2.2.2 电阻器的型号命名方法··················································.18
2.2.3 电阻器的主要参数························································.19
2.3 电阻的标注方法··································································.25
2.4 固定电阻器的检测与代换······················································.27
2.4.1 固定电阻器的检测方法··················································.27
2.4.2 固定电阻器的修复与代换···············································.28
2.5 电位器·············································································.29
2.5.1 电位器的作用和分类·····················································.29
2.5.2 常用电位器介绍···························································.30
2.5.3 电位器的选用和质量检测···············································.34
2.5.4 电位器的修复······························································.36
2.6 技能训练—用万用表测量电阻··············································.37
第3 章 电容器的识别与检测····························································.39
3.1 电容器的感性认识·······························································.39
3.1.1 印制电路板上的电容器··················································.39
3.1.2 常见电容器的外形························································.40
3.2 电容器的电容量及单位·························································.42
3.3 电容器的作用及电路符号······················································.43
3.3.1 电容器的作用······························································.43
3.3.2 电容器的电路符号························································.43
3.4 电容器的型号命名方法·························································.43
3.5 电容器的主要参数·······························································.44
3.6 电容器的分类·····································································.46
3.7 常用电容器介绍··································································.46
3.7.1 电解电容器·································································.46
3.7.2 固体有机介质电容器·····················································.47
3.7.3 固体无机介质电容器·····················································.48
3.7.4 可变电容器·································································.49
3.7.5 微调电容器·································································.50
3.8 电容器的选用、代换、检测与修复···········································.51
3.8.1 电容器的选用······························································.51
3.8.2 电容器的代换······························································.52
3.8.3 电容器的检测······························································.52
3.8.4 电容器的修复······························································.53
3.9 技能训练—电容器的识别与检测···········································.53
实训1 电容器的直观识别······················································.53
实训2 电容器的质量检测······················································.54
第4 章 电感器的识别与检测····························································.56
4.1 电感器的感性认识·······························································.56
4.1.1 印制电路板上的电感器··················································.56
4.1.2 常见电感器的外形························································.57
4.2 电感器的定义、分类及电路符号··············································.58
4.2.1 电感器的定义······························································.58
4.2.2 电感器的分类······························································.58
4.2.3 电感器的电路符号························································.58
4.3 电感器的主要参数·······························································.58
4.4 电感器的分类和特点····························································.60
4.4.1 单层空心线圈······························································.60
4.4.2 多层线圈····································································.60
4.4.3 蜂房式线圈·································································.60
4.4.4 磁芯线圈····································································.61
4.4.5 扼流线圈····································································.61
4.4.6 脱胎空心线圈······························································.61
4.5 小型固定电感器的标识方法···················································.62
4.6 电感器的应用·····································································.63
4.7 电感器的检测与代换····························································.64
4.7.1 电感器的检测······························································.64
4.7.2 电感器的代换······························································.65
4.8 变压器·············································································.65
4.8.1 变压器的概述······························································.65
4.8.2 变压器的分类······························································.66
4.8.3 变压器的基本结构························································.68
4.8.4 变压器的参数······························································.69
4.8.5 变压器的参数检测························································.69
4.8.6 常用变压器介绍···························································.71
4.8.7 变压器的选用与代换·····················································.74
4.8.8 电源变压器的检测························································.74
4.8.9 行输出变压器的检测·····················································.75
4.9 技能训练—电感器、变压器的识别与检测································.76
实训1 电感器的直观识别······················································.76
实训2 电感器的质量检测及变压器一次、二次绕组的判别··············.76
第5 章 二极管的识别与检测····························································.78
5.1 二极管的感性认识·······························································.78
5.1.1 常见二极管的外形························································.78
5.1.2 印制电路板上的二极管··················································.79
5.2 二极管的电路符号·······························································.79
5.3 国产二极管的型号命名方法···················································.80
5.4 二极管的分类·····································································.80
5.4.1 按PN 结构造分类·························································.80
5.4.2 按用途分类·································································.82
5.5 二极管的主要参数·······························································.85
5.6 二极管的特性与应用····························································.86
5.7 二极管的识别、检测与代换···················································.87
5.7.1 二极管的识别与检测·····················································.87
5.7.2 二极管的选用与代换·····················································.89
5.8 技能训练—二极管的识别与检测···········································.91
第6 章 三极管的识别与检测····························································.93
6.1 三极管的感性认识·······························································.93
6.1.1 印制电路板上的三极管··················································.93
6.1.2 常见三极管的外形························································.93
6.2 三极管的结构与电路符号······················································.94
6.2.1 三极管的结构······························································.94
6.2.2 三极管的电路符号························································.95
6.3 三极管的分类·····································································.95
6.4 国产三极管的型号命名方法···················································.96
6.5 三极管在电路中的工作状态···················································.97
6.6 三极管的作用·····································································.97
6.7 三极管的识别·····································································.98
6.7.1 三极管电极的直观识别··················································.98
6.7.2 用指针式万用表判别三极管电极·······································.98
6.7.3 用指针式万用表测量三极管放大倍数·································.99
6.7.4 用数字万用表判别三极管电极··········································.99
6.7.5 三极管的质量检测························································.99
6.8 三极管的选用与代换··························································.101
6.8.1 三极管的选用····························································.101
6.8.2 三极管的代换····························································.103
6.9 技能训练—三极管的识别与检测·········································.104
第7 章 晶闸管的识别与检测··························································.106
7.1 晶闸管的感性认识·····························································.106
7.1.1 印制电路板上的晶闸管················································.106
7.1.2 常见晶闸管的外形······················································.106
7.2 晶闸管的概念和结构··························································.107
7.3 晶闸管的工作特性·····························································.107
7.4 晶闸管的分类···································································.108
7.5 单向晶闸管和双向晶闸管····················································.108
7.5.1 单向晶闸管的外形······················································.108
7.5.2 用指针式万用表判别单向晶闸管·····································.109
7.5.3 双向晶闸管的结构和电路符号········································.109
7.5.4 用指针式万用表判别双向晶闸管·······································110
7.6 晶闸管的选用及代换····························································111
7.6.1 晶闸管的选用······························································111
7.6.2 晶闸管的代换······························································112
7.7 技能训练—晶闸管的识别与检测···········································112
第8 章 场效应管的识别与检测·························································115
8.1 场效应管的感性认识····························································115
8.1.1 印制电路板上的场效应管···············································115
8.1.2 常见场效应管的外形·····················································115
8.2 场效应管的概念、特点和分类·················································116
8.2.1 场效应管的概念···························································116
8.2.2 场效应管的特点和分类··················································116
8.3 结型场效应管·····································································116
8.3.1 结型场效应管的结构和电路符号·······································116
8.3.2 结型场效应管的工作原理···············································117
8.4 绝缘栅场效应管··································································117
8.4.1 N 沟道增强型绝缘栅场效应管··········································117
8.4.2 N 沟道耗尽型绝缘栅场效应管··········································118
8.5 场效应管的主要参数····························································118
8.6 场效应管的特点··································································119
8.7 场效应管的型号命名方法······················································119
8.8 场效应管的作用································································.120
8.9 场效应管的应用································································.120
8.10 场效应管的检测和使用······················································.121
8.10.1 用指针式万用表检测场效应管······································.121
8.10.2 场效应管的使用注意事项············································.123
8.10.3 VMOS 场效应管的检测与使用······································.123
8.11 技能训练—场效应管的识别与检测·····································.125
第9 章 集成稳压器的识别与检测····················································.128
9.1 集成稳压器的感性认识·······················································.128
9.2 78××系列集成稳压器··························································.128
9.2.1 78××系列集成稳压器的性能特点·····································.128
9.2.2 78××系列集成稳压器的检测方法·····································.129
9.3 79××系列集成稳压器··························································.130
9.3.1 79××系列集成稳压器的性能特点·····································.130
9.3.2 79××系列集成稳压器的检测方法·····································.130
9.4 三端可调集成稳压器··························································.131
9.4.1 三端可调集成稳压器的分类和性能特点····························.131
9.4.2 三端可调集成稳压器的外形···········································.131
9.4.3 三端可调集成稳压器的基本应用电路·······························.132
9.4.4 三端可调集成稳压器的检测方法·····································.132
9.5 技能训练—集成稳压器的应用············································.133
第10 章 集成电路的识别与检测·····················································.136
10.1 集成电路的感性认识·························································.136
10.1.1 集成电路的封装形式··················································.136
10.1.2 印制电路板上的集成电路············································.136
10.2 集成电路的基本知识·························································.137
10.2.1 集成电路的分类························································.137
10.2.2 集成电路的型号························································.138
10.2.3 集成电路的封装························································.138
10.2.4 集成电路的使用························································.144
10.3 集成电路的选用、代换与检测·············································.145
10.3.1 集成电路的选用与代换···············································.145
10.3.2 集成电路的检测························································.146
10.4 技能训练—集成电路的识别与检测·····································.148
第11 章 焊接训练·······································································.150
11.1 焊接材料·······································································.150
11.1.1 焊料······································································.150
11.1.2 助焊剂···································································.151
11.1.3 阻焊剂···································································.152
11.2 手工焊接技术·································································.153
11.2.1 焊接操作姿势与注意事项············································.153
11.2.2 手工焊接的要求························································.154
11.2.3 五步操作法·····························································.156
11.2.4 手工焊接的操作要领··················································.157
11.3 实用焊接技术·································································.159
11.3.1 印制电路板的焊接·····················································.159
11.3.2 导线的焊接·····························································.160
11.3.3 易损电子元器件的焊接···············································.161
11.4 焊接质量的检查······························································.162
11.4.1 焊点缺陷及质量分析··················································.162
11.4.2 直观检查································································.165
11.4.3 手触检查································································.166
11.4.4 通电检查································································.166
11.5 拆焊·············································································.166
11.6 技能训练—焊接与拆焊···················································.168
实训1 电烙铁的使用··························································.168
实训2 焊接大头针·····························································.169
实训3 焊点练习································································.170
实训4 导线焊接································································.170
实训5 焊接练习································································.171
实训6 铜丝造型焊接··························································.172
实训7 焊接电子元器件·······················································.173
实训8 焊接实用电路（电子产品） ·········································.173
实训9 检测与评价焊点质量·················································.174
实训10 装焊技术综合训练（焊接考核） ·································.174
实训11 调光台灯电路的制作与调试·······································.176
附录A 电子元器件识别与检测技能··················································.179
综合训练1 电阻器的识别与检测················································.179
综合训练2 电容器的识别与检测················································.186
综合训练3 电感器、变压器的识别与检测·····································.192
综合训练4 半导体器件的识别与检测··········································.197
参考文献······················································································211