第1 章 物流运输管理概论 ················································································· 1
1.1 物流运输管理基础知识 ··········································································· 1
1.1.1 运输的定义及特征 ········································································ 1
1.1.2 物流运输相关概念及特点 ······························································· 3
1.1.3 运输的功能与原理 ········································································ 4
1.1.4 企业运输系统的含义及要素 ···························································· 6
1.1.5 企业运输管理的任务 ····································································· 8
1.2 运输方式的分类及特性 ··········································································· 9
1.2.1 运输方式的分类 ··········································································· 9
1.2.2 各种运输方式的技术经济特性 ························································ 11
1.3 运输成本、运价及运费 ·········································································· 13
1.3.1 运输成本的构成 ·········································································· 13
1.3.2 运价特点 ··················································································· 14
1.3.3 运价结构 ··················································································· 14
1.3.4 运费 ························································································· 16
1.4 运输的地位和意义 ················································································ 16
1.4.1 运输在现代物流中的地位 ······························································ 16
1.4.2 运输发展的意义 ·········································································· 17
1.5 运输的发展历史及趋势 ·········································································· 21
1.5.1 运输的发展历史 ·········································································· 21
1.5.2 我国运输发展趋势 ······································································· 23
第2 章 运输市场与政策··················································································· 30
2.1 运输市场概述······················································································ 30
2.1.1 运输市场的含义及其构成 ······························································ 30
2.1.2 运输市场的特征及类型 ································································· 33
2.1.3 运输市场环境 ············································································· 35
2.1.4 运输市场管理 ············································································· 36
2.2 运输市场需求 ····················································································· 37
2.2.1 运输市场需求的含义及特点 ··························································· 37
2.2.2 运输市场需求的影响因素 ······························································ 39
2.2.3 运输市场需求弹性 ······································································ 40
2.3 运输市场供给 ····················································································· 44
2.3.1 运输市场供给的含义及特点 ··························································· 44
2.3.2 运输市场供给的影响因素 ······························································ 45
2.3.3 运输市场供给弹性 ······································································ 45
2.3.4 运输市场供给与需求之间的关系 ····················································· 47
2.4 运输市场管理政策 ··············································································· 48
2.4.1 运输市场管理政策的含义及类别 ····················································· 48
2.4.2 法律类运输政策 ········································································· 49
2.4.3 行政类运输政策 ········································································· 50
第3 章 公路运输 ··························································································· 54
3.1 公路运输概述 ····················································································· 54
3.1.1 运输工具 ·················································································· 54
3.1.2 运输设施 ·················································································· 55
3.1.3 运输组织形式 ············································································ 57
3.2 公路整车运输 ····················································································· 58
3.2.1 公路整车运输的条件及特点 ··························································· 58
3.2.2 公路整车运输组织方法 ································································ 59
3.2.3 整车甩挂运输 ············································································ 60
3.3 公路零担运输 ····················································································· 63
3.3.1 公路零担运输的条件及特点 ··························································· 63
3.3.2 公路零担运输组织形式 ································································ 64
3.3.3 零担运输业务流程 ······································································ 67
3.4 公路运输生产计划 ··············································································· 68
3.4.1 公路运输生产计划的含义及任务 ····················································· 68
3.4.2 公路运输生产计划的编制 ······························································ 69
3.4.3 车辆运行作业计划的编制 ······························································ 70
3.5 公路运输成本 ····················································································· 71
3.5.1 公路运输成本的构成及特点 ··························································· 71
3.5.2 影响运输成本的因素 ··································································· 73
3.5.3 降低运输成本的策略 ··································································· 74
第4 章 铁路运输 ··························································································· 79
4.1 铁路运输概述 ····················································································· 79
4.1.1 运输工具 ·················································································· 79
4.1.2 运输设施 ·················································································· 80
4.1.3 铁路运输组织形式 ······································································ 81
4.2 铁路整车运输······················································································ 82
4.2.1 铁路整车运输的条件及特点 ··························································· 82
4.2.2 铁路整车运输组织方法 ································································· 83
4.3 铁路零担运输······················································································ 85
4.3.1 铁路零担运输的条件及特点 ··························································· 85
4.3.2 铁路零担运输组织方法 ································································· 86
4.4 铁路运输作业流程 ················································································ 88
4.4.1 货物的托运 ················································································ 88
4.4.2 货物的受理 ················································································ 88
4.4.3 货物的承运 ················································································ 89
4.4.4 货物的装卸 ················································································ 89
4.4.5 货物的途中作业 ·········································································· 89
4.4.6 货物的到达、领取 ······································································· 90
4.5 铁路货运改革与创新 ············································································· 90
4.5.1 货运改革背景 ············································································· 90
4.5.2 货运改革内容及业务 ···································································· 91
4.5.3 新铁路零担货物运输 ···································································· 92
4.5.4 铁路门到门运输 ·········································································· 93
4.5.5 高铁快递 ··················································································· 95
4.6 铁路运输成本······················································································ 96
4.6.1 铁路运输成本的构成及特点 ··························································· 96
4.6.2 影响运输成本的因素 ···································································· 97
4.6.3 降低运输成本的途径 ···································································· 98
第5 章 水路运输 ··························································································103
5.1 水路运输概述·····················································································103
5.1.1 运输工具 ··················································································103
5.1.2 运输航线 ··················································································105
5.1.3 港口 ························································································107
5.1.4 港口企业及其营运方式 ································································ 110
5.2 班轮运输 ·························································································· 111
5.2.1 班轮运输的概念及特点 ································································ 111
5.2.2 班轮运输的业务程序 ··································································· 112
5.2.3 货物交付方式 ············································································ 113
5.2.4 班轮运输主要单证 ······································································ 114
5.3 租船运输 ·························································································· 116
5.3.1 租船运输的概念及其特点 ····························································· 116
5.3.2 租船运输的分类 ········································································· 117
5.3.3 租船运输的业务程序 ··································································· 118
5.4 水路运输价格与成本 ············································································120
5.4.1 班轮运价的特点 ·········································································120
5.4.2 班轮运价的分类 ········································································ 121
5.4.3 租船运价 ················································································· 123
5.4.4 水路运输成本类别及特点 ····························································· 123
5.4.5 水路运输成本控制内容及策略 ······················································· 124
第6 章 航空运输 ·························································································· 130
6.1 航空运输概述 ···················································································· 130
6.1.1 运输工具 ················································································· 130
6.1.2 运输线路 ················································································· 131
6.1.3 航空港 ···················································································· 132
6.1.4 航空运输相关企业 ····································································· 134
6.1.5 航空运输企业生产过程 ······························································· 135
6.2 航空运输营运方式与组织方法 ······························································· 136
6.2.1 航空运输营运方式 ····································································· 136
6.2.2 航空运输组织方法 ····································································· 137
6.3 航空运输业务程序及运单 ····································································· 140
6.3.1 航空运输的业务程序 ·································································· 140
6.3.2 航空运单 ················································································· 142
6.4 航空运输企业运输价格与成本 ······························································· 144
6.4.1 公布直达运价 ··········································································· 144
6.4.2 非公布直达运价 ········································································ 146
6.4.3 航空运输成本的构成及特点 ·························································· 147
6.4.4 航空运输企业成本控制的方法 ······················································· 148
第7 章 国际运输 ·························································································· 153
7.1 国际运输概述 ···················································································· 153
7.1.1 国际运输的特点 ········································································ 153
7.1.2 国际运输的关系方 ····································································· 154
7.1.3 国际运输的方式 ········································································ 155
7.2 国际货物多式联运 ·············································································· 157
7.2.1 国际多式联运的含义及特征 ·························································· 157
7.2.2 集装箱运输的特点 ····································································· 158
7.2.3 集装箱的定义、分类及标准 ·························································· 158
7.2.4 国际多式联运的组织形式 ····························································· 162
7.2.5 国际多式联运经营人及其责任形式 ················································· 163
7.3 国际运输流程及规则 ··········································································· 164
7.3.1 国际运输的业务流程 ·································································· 164
7.3.2 国际集装箱多式联运流程及交接方式 ·············································· 166
7.3.3 国际运输公约与规则 ·································································· 167
7.4 国际货物运输代理 ·············································································· 171
7.4.1 国际货物运输代理企业的含义及设立条件 ········································ 171
7.4.2 国际货运代理企业的经营范围、服务对象及服务内容 ·························172
7.4.3 国际货运代理企业的业务流程 ·······················································174
第8 章 特种品运输 ·······················································································179
8.1 危险品运输 ·······················································································179
8.1.1 危险品的定义、分类及确认 ··························································179
8.1.2 危险品运输法规及要求 ································································182
8.1.3 运输企业资质及流程规范 ·····························································184
8.2 超限品运输 ·······················································································188
8.2.1 超限品的概念及特殊性 ································································188
8.2.2 公路超限运输的规范与管理 ··························································190
8.2.3 超限运输流程规范 ······································································193
8.3 鲜活易腐品运输 ··················································································195
8.3.1 鲜活货物及其运输特点 ································································195
8.3.2 鲜活易腐品保藏和运输的方法 ·······················································196
8.3.3 鲜活易腐品的运输组织方式及要求 ·················································197
8.3.4 冷链运输 ··················································································199
8.4 贵重物品运输·····················································································199
8.4.1 贵重物品的定义 ·········································································199
8.4.2 贵重物品的收运要求 ···································································200
8.4.3 贵重物品运输监管与安全管理 ·······················································201
第9 章 运输市场营销管理 ···············································································206
9.1 运输市场营销概述 ···············································································206
9.1.1 运输产品的整体概念及特点 ··························································206
9.1.2 运输市场营销的含义及特点 ··························································209
9.1.3 运输市场营销管理的内容 ·····························································210
9.2 运输企业产品策略 ···············································································213
9.2.1 运输产品组合策略 ······································································213
9.2.2 运输企业品牌策略 ······································································216
9.2.3 运输企业服务策略 ······································································217
9.3 运输企业价格策略 ···············································································218
9.3.1 运价形成的因素 ·········································································218
9.3.2 定价的原则与方法 ······································································219
9.3.3 定价策略 ··················································································221
9.4 运输企业分销渠道策略 ·········································································222
9.4.1 运输分销渠道的含义和种类 ··························································222
9.4.2 运输分销渠道选择的影响因素 ·······················································224
9.4.3 运输分销渠道决策 ······································································225
9.5 运输企业促销策略 ···············································································226
9.5.1 运输企业促销策略的含义及特点 ····················································226
9.5.2 运输企业主要促销策略 ······························································· 228
9.6 运输企业网络营销策略 ········································································ 230
9.6.1 网络营销服务策略 ····································································· 230
9.6.2 网络营销品牌策略 ····································································· 231
9.6.3 网络营销价格策略 ····································································· 232
9.6.4 网络营销渠道策略 ····································································· 232
第10 章 运输决策管理 ··················································································· 238
10.1 运输方式选择 ··················································································· 238
10.1.1 运输方式选择的影响因素 ··························································· 238
10.1.2 运输方式选择的定性分析法 ························································ 240
10.1.3 运输方式选择的综合评价法 ························································ 240
10.1.4 运输方式选择的成本比较法 ························································ 243
10.2 运输线路选择 ··················································································· 244
10.2.1 起讫点不同的运输线路选择 ························································ 244
10.2.2 起讫点相同的运输线路优化模型 ·················································· 247
10.2.3 多起讫点直达运输线路优化模型 ·················································· 252
10.2.4 多起讫点中转运输线路优化模型 ·················································· 261
10.3 运输节点选址决策 ············································································· 263
10.3.1 运输节点选址的条件和原则 ························································ 263
10.3.2 多因素综合评价法 ···································································· 265
10.3.3 重心法选址模型 ······································································· 266
10.3.4 成本分析法 ············································································· 269
10.3.5 运输规划法 ············································································· 269
第11 章 托运人运输管理 ················································································ 276
11.1 运输管理的内容及战略 ······································································· 276
11.1.1 运输管理的内容 ······································································· 276
11.1.2 企业运输战略 ·········································································· 280
11.2 自营运输与外包运输决策 ···································································· 281
11.2.1 自营运输的优势与劣势 ······························································ 281
11.2.2 外包运输的优势与劣势 ······························································ 283
11.2.3 运输外包决策 ·········································································· 284
11.3 运输网络构建 ··················································································· 287
11.3.1 运输网络构建的影响因素及原则 ·················································· 287
11.3.2 运输网络布局及结构选择 ··························································· 289
11.3.3 运输网络及节点决策内容和方法 ·················································· 291
11.4 承运人管理 ······················································································ 291
11.4.1 承运人选择的影响因素及原则 ····················································· 291
11.4.2 承运人选择的步骤 ···································································· 292
11.4.3 承运人选择的方法 ···································································· 293
11.4.4 承运人评价与监控 ····································································295
11.4.5 承运人管理策略 ·······································································295
11.5 运输成本控制 ···················································································297
11.5.1 企业运输成本构成 ····································································297
11.5.2 运输外包成本控制 ····································································297
11.5.3 运输自营成本控制 ····································································298
第12 章 承运人运输管理 ··············································································· 306
12.1 运输管理内容及战略 ··········································································306
12.1.1 运输管理内容 ··········································································306
12.1.2 企业运输相关战略 ····································································308
12.2 运输合理化 ······················································································309
12.2.1 运输合理化的含义及作用 ···························································309
12.2.2 不合理运输的表现形式 ······························································310
12.2.3 影响运输合理化的因素 ······························································314
12.2.4 运输合理化的策略 ····································································315
12.3 客户管理 ·························································································318
12.3.1 客户管理的特点及原则 ······························································318
12.3.2 客户管理的创新 ·······································································320
12.3.3 客户关系管理的含义及内容 ························································321
12.3.4 客户关系管理的实施 ·································································322
12.4 企业运输组织管理 ·············································································323
12.4.1 企业运输组织的基本要求 ···························································323
12.4.2 运输组织管理的主要任务 ···························································324
12.4.3 运输方案设计 ··········································································325
12.5 运输绩效评价 ···················································································327
12.5.1 运输绩效评价的含义及影响因素 ··················································327
12.5.2 运输绩效评价指标体系 ······························································329
12.5.3 运输绩效评价的步骤 ·································································332
12.5.4 运输绩效评价方法 ····································································335
参考文献 ······································································································343