PartⅠ  Academic Reading
Unit 1  Electric Circuits	2
1.1  Circuit Elements	2
1.2  Basic Laws	4
1.2.1  Ohm’s Law	4
1.2.2  Kirchhoff’s Laws	6
1.3  Circuit Analysis	8
1.3.1  Nodal Analysis	8
1.3.2  Mesh Analysis	10
Exercises	12
Unit 2  Embedded Systems	15
2.1  Introduction to Embedded Systems	15
2.1.1  Early Forms of Embedded Systems	15
2.1.2  Birth and Evolution of Modern Embedded Systems	16
2.1.3  Contemporary Embedded Systems	18
2.2  Structure of an Embedded System	21
2.2.1  Hardware Components	22
2.2.2  Software Components	23
2.3  Microprocessors Versus Microcontrollers	26
2.3.1  Microprocessor Units	26
2.3.2  Microcontroller Units	27
2.3.3  RISC Versus CISC and RISC Architectures	28
2.3.4  Programmer and Hardware Models	28
Exercises	30
Unit 3  Integrated Circuits	33
3.1  Introduction	33
3.2  PN Junction and Diode	38
3.3  Transistor	43
3.3.1  BJT	43
3.3.2  FET	44
3.4  FPGA	48
3.4.1  FPGA Versus Microcontroller	48
3.4.2  What Is a Programmable Gate Array?	48
3.4.3  How Do You Program an FPGA?	49
Exercises	53
Unit 4  Signals and Systems	55
4.1  Introduction to Signals	55
4.2  Frequency Response of LTI Systems	59
4.3  Sampling Theorem	63
Exercises	67
Unit 5  Digital Signal Processing	70
5.1  Introduction to Digital Signal Processing	70
5.2  Structures for Discrete-Time Systems	73
5.3  Filter Design Techniques	77
Exercises	81
Unit 6  Digital Image Processing	84
6.1  Components of an Image Processing System	84
6.2  Examples of Fields That Use Digital Image Processing	87
6.3  Introduction to Pattern Recognition	91
Exercises	94
Unit 7  Principles of Communications	97
7.1  Electrical Communication Systems	97
7.2  Modulation and Multiplexing	101
7.2.1  Baseband Transmission	101
7.2.2  Broadband Transmission	102
7.2.3  Multiplexing	104
7.3  Digital Communication Techniques	106
7.3.1  Data Conversion	106
7.3.2  Elements of a Digital Communication System	109
Exercises	112
Unit 8  Mobile Communication	115
8.1  From 1G to 5G	115
8.1.1  A Brief History of Wireless Technologies	115
8.1.2  1G — First Generation Mobile Communication System	115
8.1.3  2G — Second Generation Mobile Communication System	116
8.1.4  3G — Third Generation Mobile Communication System	117
8.1.5  4G — Fourth Generation Mobile Communication System	118
8.1.6  5G — Fifth Generation Mobile Communication System	118
8.1.7  Summary	119
8.2  Mobile Networks	120
8.2.1  Main Components	121
8.2.2  Radio Access Network	122
8.2.3  Mobile Core	123
Exercises	127
Unit 9  Optical Communication	129
9.1  Optical Communication Systems	129
9.1.1  Light Wave Communication in Free Space	129
9.1.2  Fiber-Optic Communication System	131
9.1.3  Applications of Fiber Optics	132
9.2  Passive Optical Networks	134
9.2.1  The PON Concept	134
9.2.2  PON Technologies	135
Exercises	138
Unit 10  Telecommunication Networks	141
10.1  A Telephone Network	141
10.1.1  Basic Telephony	141
10.1.2  Telephone System	143
10.2  Internet Telephony	148
10.2.1  VoIP Fundamentals	148
10.2.2  Internet Phone Systems	150
Exercises	152
Unit 11  Electromagnetics	156
11.1  Introduction of Electromagnetics	156
11.1.1  Importance of Electromagnetics	156
11.1.2  A Brief History of Electromagnetics	157
11.1.3  Applications of Electromagnetism	159
11.2  Engineering Electromagnetics and Waves	164
11.2.1  Lumped Versus Distributed Electrical Circuits	164
11.2.2  Electromagnetic Components	166
11.2.3  Maxwell’s Equations and Electromagnetic Waves	167
Exercises	171
Unit 12  Microwave Communication	174
12.1  Microwave Concepts	174
12.1.1  Microwave Frequencies and Bands	174
12.1.2  Benefits of Microwaves	175
12.1.3  Disadvantages of Microwaves	176
12.2  Microwave Communication Systems	179
12.2.1  Transmitters	179
12.2.2  Receivers	181
12.2.3  Transmission Lines	183
12.2.4  Antennas	184
Exercises	185
Unit 13  Basics of Computer Science	188
13.1  What Is a Computer?	188
13.1.1  Computer Hardware	189
13.1.2  Computer Software	191
13.1.3  Categories of Computers	193
13.2  Computer Networks	197
13.2.1  Network Hardware	197
13.2.2  Network Software	202
13.2.3  Internet Security	205
Exercises	212
Unit 14  New Technology Trends	215
14.1  Promising Opportunities for Artificial Intelligence	215
14.1.1  AI for Augmentation	215
14.1.2  AI Agents on Their Own	218
14.2  Ten Predictions on the Future of Machine Learning	221
14.3  Big Data	226
14.3.1  Definitions of Big Data	226
14.3.2  Big Data Management Architecture	229
14.3.3  Performance Matters	231
14.3.4  Traditional and Advanced Analytics	233
14.4  Quantum Internet	236
14.4.1  Introduction	236
14.4.2  Preliminaries	237
14.4.3  Quantum Internet Functionalities	241
14.4.4  Possible Applications	244
14.4.5  Future Directions	246
Exercises	251
PartⅡ  Practical Guidance
Unit 15  Learning Skills	255
Exercises	259
Unit 16  Research Skills	261
Exercises	264
Unit 17  Careers in ECE	265
Exercises	271
Unit 18  Communication Skills	272
Exercises	275
References	277